Chapter 1 - Defining the Field

 

How do the definitions in the first chapter compare to your own definition of instructional or educational technology? What experiences or other influences have shaped your definition? How has your definition changed from examining the definitions in the first chapter of this book?

·    Instructional definitions begin as far as the first decade of the twentieth century.  During this time and up to the 1920s materials such as films, pictures, and lantern slides entered the schools.  This was known as the visual movement.  Instructional technology focused on the physical means through which instruction was presented to learners.

·    During the 1960s and 1970s instructional technology was viewed as a process.  Finn concluded that instructional technology should be viewed as a way of looking at instructional problems and examining feasible solutions to those problems.  Lumsdaine said that educational technology could be thought of as the application of science in instructional practices.

·   1970 definition was produced by the Commission on Instructional Technology.  It described instructional technology as organized way of designing, carrying out, and evaluating the whole process of learning and teaching in terms of a specific objective.

·   1977 definition by AECT:    Educational technology is a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization.  This is the first definition to include PEOPLE.  It emphasize blooms cognitive domain – understanding and applying.

·   1994 definition by AECT stated Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.

·   2006 Definition by AECT:  Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technological processes and resources.

 

       My own definition of Educational/Instructional Technology: Instructional Technology is the process of designing, implementing, and evaluating technologies.

My view of instructional technology is shaped by the 70s.  I majored in business education.  During that time, we learned shorthand, typing, accounting, etc.  When I graduated from college, Tandy computer by Radio Shack was popular and it had the huge floppy disk.  After comparing the various definitions through years, I noticed the definition changed with the times.  For example in 2006, the term ethical was used.  This term is a part of the definition due to the use of the internet.  My view has changed after comparing the definitions.  I see the importance of involving people in the equation.  Instructional technology is designed to enhance application and creativity.
 

Chapter 2 – What is Instructional Design?

 

Think of a lesson or unit of instruction that you have developed. Or if you haven’t ever taught or developed instruction, think of one that you have received. How does that lesson adhere or fail to adhere to the six characteristics of instructional design? How would you redesign it to better adhere to the six characteristics.

 

Last year I had an opportunity to develop two detail lesson plans through a grant sponsored by National Research Center for Career and Technical Education.  The purpose of the lesson plan was to implement math is CTE classes or show the correlation of the math taught in CTE class with regular core classes.  The lesson plan was divided into seven sections, which included prior knowledge, assessment of math awareness as it relates to CTE; work through an embedded CTE math lesson; work through traditional math problems, student demonstration understanding, and formal evaluation.  This lesson plan guideline is learner centered, goal oriented, focus on meaningful performance, the outcome is measureable.  However, the guidelines are not self-correcting

 

Chapter 3 – A History of Instructional Design and Technology

 In the 3^rd chapter, Reiser distinguishes instructional media from instructional design, excluding teachers, chalkboards, and textbooks from the definition of instructional media. Why? Would you consider teachers, chalkboards, and textbooks instructional media? Is the purpose of instructional design to incorporate media into instruction?

I feel the teacher should be excluded from the definition.  The teacher is the facilitator of the learning process.  I do not consider teachers and chalkboards as instructional media. From my point of view, instructional design and technology had evolved according to the latest technogical advances.  Each generation ponders and analyzes how they can use the technology in education.  Let’s start with the visual instruction movement and instructional films.  Education adopted the use of the motion projector.  The audiovisual instruction movement introduced radio broadcasting, sound recording into education.  Later instructional television was introduced to education.  However, this trend did not last long due to poor lessons.  Next computers were introduced to education.  With all the technological advances of the past, the only “media” that seems to survive is the human TEACHER.  The teacher will always out last technological discoveries.  Teachers learn the new technologies and teach it to their students.

 

Link:

 

https://wikis.uit.tufts.edu/confluence/display/UITKnowledgebase/ADDIE+Instructional+Design+Process